Different Types of Takfir in Muslim World
We should bear in mind that takfir (attributing Kufr to someone else) is basically part of Islam and an element of defending Islam. Every society and system has protectoral laws to defend itself and the law of takfir is such a law that aims to defend Islam against harms.
So if Takfir is used in its proper place, it is sacred and so we have correct takfir.
Another point to remember is that along with this correct takfir, there are incorrect ones that can be categorized into two groups: those having a basis and those which are baseless.
Some who claim to be Islamic thinkers and consider themselves to be in the position of legislating, have set out rules and attribute Kufr to anyone who does not follow those riles. Wahhabis are among them. Based on their understanding of monotheism, they say anyone who has Tawassul to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) (requesting assistance to obtain nearness to God) is Mushrik (polytheist).
There are examples of takfir among the Sunnis as well. For example in the first period of the Taliban’s rule, there were some among Deobandis who considered Shias to be Kafir.
So these are Takfir examples, such as those by Wahhabis and Daesh, that have a basis, although the wrong bases.
The second type of wrong takfir is those that occur due to wrong understandings. These examples of takfir have no basis and originate from ignorance.
There is also political takfir that originates in political motivations.
